კლასიკური თეორეტიკოსები თანამედროვეობის შესახებ

vidre gadavalT Tanamedroveobis Sesaxeb Cveni drois moazrovneTa Sexedulebebze, SevaxsenoT mkiTxvels, rom klasikosi Teoretikosebis umravlesoba aanalizebs modernis epoqis sazogadoebas. aseT analizs naTlad anxorcielebs sociologiis oTxi udidesi klasikosi Teoretikosi: marqsi, veberi, diurkemi da zimeli. Yyoveli maTgani ikvlevda Tanamedroveobis aRmocenebasa da dominirebul gavlenas. Tumca aRniSnuli moazrovneebi mSvenivrad acnobierebdnen Tanamedroveobis upiratesobebs, maTi Semoqmedebis ZiriTadi stimulia Tanamedrove samyaros mier gaCenili problemebis kritika.

cxadia, marqsisaTvis Tanamedroveoba ganisazRvreboda kapitalisturi ekonomikiT. marqsi aRiarebda im sikeTes, rac moitana wina sazogadoebebidan kapitalizmze gadasvlam. magram Tavis SemoqmedebaSi ZiriTadad eweva am ekonomikuri sistemisa da misi damaxinjebuli Tvisebebis (gaucxoeba, eqsploatacia da a.S.) kritikas.

veberisaTvis Tanamedrove samyaros ganmsazRvreli problemaa formaluri racionalobis (misi sxva formebis ignorirebis xarjze) gavrceleba da amis Sedegad racionalobis rkinis galiis aRmoceneba. Aadamianebi sul ufro metad xvdebian am rkinis galiis tusaRebi, romlis Sedegad sul ufro kargaven unars gamoavlinon TavianTi ZiriTadi adamianuri Tvisebebi. ra Tqma unda, veberi aRiarebs racionalobis upiratesobas _ magaliTad, organizaciis wina formebTan SedarebiT biurokratiis Zlier mxareebs, magram ufro dakavebulia racionalobis mier gamowveuli problemebis kvleviT.

Ddiurkemis TvalsazrisiT Tanamedroveobas axasiaTebs organuli solidaroba da koleqtiuri sindisis Sesusteba. Mmoitana ra Tan didi Tavisufleba da mrewveloba, organulma solidarobam agreTve gaaCina gansakuTrebiT specifikuri problemebi. magaliTad, saerTo moralis SesustebiT adamianebi grZnoben TavianT uazro yofas, rom isini  ,,mitovebuli” arian Tanamedrove samyaroSi. sxva sityvebiT, maT tanjavT anomia.

zemoTmiTiTebuli klasikosebisagan meoTxes, georg zimels aq cota met yuradRebas davuTmobT, ufro imitom, rom amaswinaT is erTdroulad moixsenies, rogorc modernistic (Frisby, 1992) da postmodernistic (Weinstein, 1993; Jaworski, 1997). radgan zimeli garkveuli azriT SeiZleba mivakuTvnoT orive kategorias, amitom is gvevlineba wignis am da Semdegi Tavis mnSvnelovan damakavSirebel rgolad. Aaq ganvixilav Tu ratom unda CaiTvalos zimeli modernistad, xolo Semdeg TavSi mis postmodernistad gamocxadebis argumentebs.

frisbi emxroba im Tvalsazriss, rom ,,zimeli Tanamedroveobis pirveli sociologia” (Frisbi, 1992,p.59). miiCneven, rom zimeli ikvlevs Tanamedroveobis or urTierTdakavSirebul sferos _ qalaqsa da fulad ekonomikas. Tanamedroveoba qalaqSia koncentrirebuli da aq Zlierdeba, xolo fuladi ekonomika moazrebulia rogorc Tanamedroveobis gavrceleba da gafarToebა

poji  Tanamedroveobis Temas exeba fulTan mis im saxiT urTierTobaSi, ra saxiTacaa is warmodgenili zimelis ,,fulis filsofiaSi”.  poji miiCnevs, rom am naSromSi gamoixata sami Sexeduleba Tanamedroveobaze. jer-erTi, mtkicdeba, rom modernizacia aZlevs adamians mTel rig upiratesobebs, gansakuTrebiT gamoavlinos Tavisi potenciuri SesaZleblobebi, romelTac ver avlenda Tanamedrove sazogadoebamde, radgan es SesaZleblobebi daTrgunuli iyo. am azriT zimeli Tanamedroveobas adarebs ,,gamofxizlebas, anu adamianis gvarisaTvis adre SeumCneveli SesaZleblobebis naTlad gamoxatul gamovlenas” (Poggi, 1993,p.165). meore, zimeli ganixilavs fulis mZlavr zemoqmedebas Tanamedrove sazogadoebaze. Bbolos zimeli yuradRebas amaxvilebs am gavlenis arasasurvel Sedegebze TanamedroveobisaTvis, gansakuTrebiT gaucxoebis problemaze. Eam ukanasknels mivyevarT zimelis sociologiuri Teoriis centralur problemamde zogadad,  da aseve mis Tanamedroveobis sociologiamde _ ,,kulturis tragediamde”, obieqtur da subieqtur kulturebs Soris kavSiris gaxleCamde, an, rogorc zimelis wers, ,,individualuri kulturis atrofiasa da obieqturi kulturis hipertrofiamde” (cit Frisby, 1992, p.69).  

frisbis TvalsazrisiT, zimeli maxvils akeTebs Tanamedroveobis ,,gamocdilebaze”. am gamocdilebis mniSvnelovani elementebi _ dro, sivrce da SemTxveviTi mizezobrioba _ centraluri aspeqtebia, yovel SemTxvevaSi, Tanamedroveobis im Teoriebisa, romlebic am TavSi ganixilebian: zimelis azriT Tanamedroveobis gamocdileba wyvetadi xasiaTisaa: dro ganixileba, rogorc gardamavali, sadac erTmaneTs emTxveva mimdinare momentebi da axlandeli drois SegrZneba; dro, rogorc Soreulisa da siaxlovis dialeqtika . . . da mizezobrioba, rogorc pirobiTi, cvladi da SemTxveviTi .

Mmiuxedavad imisa, rom zimeli, ra Tqma unda, SeiZleba CaiTvalos postmodernistad da, rogorc Semdeg TavSi vnaxavT, rogorc etyoba, postmodernistebTan ufro meti aqvs saerTo vidre sxva klasikos social Teoretikosebs, mainc aseve dasabuTebulad SeiZleba is CaiTvalos modernistad. DdarwmunebiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom sakiTxebi, romelTac is uTmobs did yuradRebas _ ganasakuTrebiT qalaqi da fuladi ekonomika _ warmoadgenen Tanamedroveobis arss. Aamgvarad, zimelic ki, marqsi, veberi da diurkemi xom TavisTavad, unda Sefasdes rogorc Tanamedroveobis sociologiiT dakavebuli Teoretikosi.

1920 wlisaTvis sociologiuri Teoriis es klasikosebi ukve aRar iyvnen cocxlebi. axla naTelia, rom 1920 wlis Semdeg msoflio Zalian Seicvala. Ppostmodernis epoqis dawyebasTan dakavSirebiT (Tu vivaraudebT, rom is dadga) Tvalsazrisebi gansxvavebulia, Tumca 1920 welze adre TariRs aravin asaxelebs. saqme is ki araa, CaiTvalos Tu ara am drois Semdeg momxdari cvlilebebi Cveulebriv movlenebad da arian Tu ara dakavSirebuli TanamedroveobasTan, an rom isini iseTi dramatiuli da radikalurebia, rom umjobesia dRevandeloba aRvweroT axali terminiT _ postmodernizmiT. Aam Dda Semdeg TavebSi  ganvixilavT am sakiTxebs.

Aam nawilSi Cven gavecnobiT Cveni drois zogierTi Teoretikosis Tvalsazriss (arian sxva mecnierebic (magaliTad,Lefebvre, 1962|1995; Touraine, 1995; Wagner, 1994; Wood, 1997), romelTa Semoqmedebas Cven aq ver ganvixilavT  adgilis ukmarobis gamo) romlebic sxvadasxvanairad Tvlian, rom jer kidev jobs dRevandeli samyaro ganvixiloT, rogorc Tanamedroveoba.